Stone Age (ca. 2.5 million BP - 3000 BC)
3200 BC – 3000 BC
The prehistoric settlement of Thermi is founded. During the first phase (Thermi I), the settlement is unfortified with a pericentric urban plan. During the second settlement phase (Thermi II), a first attempt at defensive reinforcement is made, in the form of a rudimentary fortified enclosure.
Bronze Age (3000 BC - 1100 BC)
2800 BC
The fourth settlement phase of Thermi (Thermi IV): The city has been divided into large construction blocks and separated from one another by parallel roads. A defensive enclosure wall now surrounds the entire city.
1600 BC – 1100 BC
The city-state of Eresos and the ancient Acropolis are constructed on the hillside of a natural fortified mound.
Τhe Pan-lesbian Sanctuary of Messon turns into a centre of worship of the Lesbians, where they honoured their common Aeolian lineage and the first settlers.
Geometric period (1100 BC - 800 BC)
10th century BC
The building associated with the cult of Maloentos Apollo based on the architectural remains and the portable finds recovered at the site.
Archaic period (800 BC - 479 BC)
750 – 470 BC
The oldest remains of the Acropolis of Eresos wall, made of trachyte used in Lesbian masonry, are also dated to this period.
750 – 480 BC
The first building phase of the Northern Commercial Harbour of Mytilene, probably related to the semi-submerged pier of smaller scale, preserved in the southeastern part of the port basin.
7th – 6th century BC
One of the three curved buildings, of monumental character, that has been linked to the Sanctuary of Cybele is dated. It is an elongated, N-S-oriented religious structure with two arches along its narrow sides.
610 – 490/80 BC
Construction of the monumental retaining wall, the so-called Kaloktistos Apothikas.
Mid-6th century BC
Reconstruction of the first monumental temple in the Aeolian Sanctuary of Klopedi, the so-called Temple A. It is a former pavilion church with an E-W orientation, has an entrance on the east, measures 29,20 x 18,70 m., has a deep porch, a cloister, a narrow rear façade, and a double row of columns in its interior.
End of the 6th century BC
Reconstruction of the so-called Temple B in the Aeolian Sanctuary of Klopedi, a pavilion temple, measuring 38.15 x 16.90 m., made of local trachyte stone.
Classical period (479 BC - 323 BC)
Second half of the 4th century BC
Τhe monumental configuration of the Northern Trade Hub of Mytilene.
350 – 340 BC
The date marks the initial phase of construction of the Theatre of Mytilene, which coincides the monumental formation of the city of Mytilene.
330 – 300 BC
Reconstruction of a new Ionic temple incorporating the older temple in its foundation, eventually becoming associated with the Pan-lesbian Sanctuary of Messon.
Hellenistic period (323 BC - 146 BC)
Second half of the 2nd century BC
The stage of the Ancient Theatre of Mytilene is modified to accommodate a two-story monumental building.
1st century BC
The small, Doric, distyle temple associated with the Sanctuary of Brisaios or Brisagenis Dionysus at the cape of Agios Phokas, is dated.
Roman period (146 BC - 330 AD)
1st – 2nd century AD
Initial construction phase of the Late Roman building of Mytilene.
2nd century AD
Construction of the House of Menandros atop on earlier remains of the Hellenistic period.
Second half of the 2nd century AD
The Ancient Theatre of Mytilene converts into an arena.
Second half of the 2nd century AD
Construction of the Roman aqueduct of Mytilene under Hadrian, Emperor of Rome.
2nd – 3rd century AD
The Roman Villa of Mytilene in its final phase, had been continuously occupied from the late Hellenistic (2nd – 1st century BC) to the Roman period (2nd – 3rd century AD), as shown by archaeological and architectural remains.
Byzantine period (330 AD - 1355 AD)
6th century AD
The initial construction phases of Mytilene Castle are traced back to Emperor Justinian.
End of the 10th century
Construction of the Agios Stefanos Church in Mantamados.
Gaelic Age (1355 AD - 1462 AD)
1355 – 1462 AD
The Ovriokastro of Andissa was reinforced by the Gatelouzians under their rule in Lesbos.
1355 – 1462 AD
Mytilene Castle is subject to drastic interventions, mainly by the Genoese house of Gatelouzi, thus acquiring its present form.
1373 AD
Reconstruction of the castle of Mithymna by Francis I Gatelouzo.
Turkish rule (1462 AD - 1912 AD)
1757 AD
Reconstruction of the Sigri Castle by the chief admiral of the Ottoman fleet, Suleiman Pasha.
1780 AD
Construction of the Valide Mosque of Mytilene.
1825 – 1826 AD
Construction of the Yeni Mosque of Mytilene by the Nazir Mustafa Aga Koulaxidis.
1826 AD
Construction of the Charsi Hamam of Mytilene, most likely by the Nazir Mustafa Aga Koulaxidis.
Modern Era (1912 AD until today)